Hadith 4825
قسامہ ، قصاص اور دیت کے احکام و مسائل
The Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money
Hadith 4825 from Sunan An-Nasa`i, chapter "The Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money". Sunan an-Nasa'i by Imam an-Nasa'i is distinguished for its strict criteria in evaluating narrator reliability among the Kutub al-Sittah. Read the Arabic original, English translation, and Urdu tarjuma below.
مغیرہ بن شعبہ رضی اللہ عنہ کہتے ہیں کہ
Arabic Text
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ تَمِيمٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نُضَيْلَةَ، عَنْ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً ضَرَبَتْ ضَرَّتَهَا بِعَمُودِ فُسْطَاطٍ فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، فَأُتِيَ فِيهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى عَصَبَةِ الْقَاتِلَةِ، بِالدِّيَةِ وَفِي الْجَنِينِ غُرَّةً ، فَقَالَ عَصَبَتُهَا: أَدِي مَنْ لَا طَعِمَ، وَلَا شَرِبَ، وَلَا صَاحَ، فَاسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ هَذَا يُطَلَّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَسَجْعٌ كَسَجْعِ الْأَعْرَابِ ؟ .
English Translation
It was narrated from Al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah that: a woman struck her co-wife with a tent pole and killed her, and she (the slain woman) was pregnant. She was brought to the Prophet, and the Messenger of Allah ruled that the 'Asabah of the killer should pay the Diyah , and a slavae (should be paid) for the fetus. Her 'Asabah said: Should Diyah be paid for one who neither ate nor drank, or shouted or cried (at the moment of birth)? Such a one should be overlooked. The prophet said: Rhyming verse like the verse of the Bedouins.
Urdu Translation
ایک عورت نے اپنی سوکن کو خیمے کی لکڑی ( کھونٹی ) سے مارا، جس سے وہ مر گئی، وہ حمل سے تھی، چنانچہ معاملہ نبی اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس لایا گیا، تو آپ نے مارنے والی عورت کے عصبہ پر دیت کا اور جنین ( پیٹ کے بچہ ) کے بدلے ایک «غرہ» ( غلام یا ایک لونڈی ) دینے کا فیصلہ کیا۔ اس کے خاندان والے بولے: کیا اس کی بھی دیت ادا کی جائے گی، جس نے نہ کھایا، نہ پیا، نہ چیخا اور نہ چلایا۔ ایسا خون تو لغو ہے۔ نبی اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: کیا تم اعراب ( دیہاتیوں ) کی طرح مسجع کلام کرتے ہو۔
Source: Sunan An-Nasa`i · Imam Ahmad an-Nasa`i
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَطَنٌ أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْمَدَنِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: أَوَّلُ قَسَامَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ فَخِذِ أَحَدِهِمْ، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُ فِي إِبِلِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ عُرْوَةُ جُوَالِقِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَغِثْنِي بِعِقَالٍ أَشُدُّ بِهِ عُرْوَةَ جُوَالِقِي لَا تَنْفِرُ الْإِبِلُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ عِقَالًا يَشُدُّ بِهِ عُرْوَةَ جُوَالِقِهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلُوا وَعُقِلَتِ الْإِبِلُ إِلَّا بَعِيرًا وَاحِدًا، فَقَالَ الَّذِي اسْتَأْجَرَهُ: مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا الْبَعِيرِ لَمْ يُعْقَلْ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْإِبِلِ، قَالَ: لَيْسَ لَهُ عِقَالٌ، قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ عِقَالُهُ ؟ قَالَ: مَرَّ بِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ عُرْوَةُ جُوَالِقِهِ فَاسْتَغَاثَنِي، فَقَالَ: أَغِثْنِي بِعِقَالٍ أَشُدُّ بِهِ عُرْوَةَ جُوَالِقِي لَا تَنْفِرُ الْإِبِلُ فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ عِقَالًا فَحَذَفَهُ بِعَصًا كَانَ فِيهَا أَجَلُهُ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: أَتَشْهَدُ الْمَوْسِمَ، قَالَ: مَا أَشْهَدُ وَرُبَّمَا شَهِدْتُ، قَالَ: هَلْ أَنْتَ مُبَلِّغٌ عَنِّي رِسَالَةً مَرَّةً مِنَ الدَّهْرِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: إِذَا شَهِدْتَ الْمَوْسِمَ فَنَادِ يَا آلَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَإِذَا أَجَابُوكَ فَنَادِ يَا آلَ هَاشِمٍ، فَإِذَا أَجَابُوكَ فَسَلْ عَنْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَأَخْبِرْهُ أَنَّ فُلَانًا قَتَلَنِي فِي عِقَالٍ وَمَاتَ الْمُسْتَأْجَرُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الَّذِي اسْتَأْجَرَهُ أَتَاهُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ، فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ صَاحِبُنَا ؟ قَالَ: مَرِضَ فَأَحْسَنْتُ الْقِيَامَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَنَزَلْتُ فَدَفَنْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ ذَا أَهْلَ ذَاكَ مِنْكَ فَمَكُثَ حِينًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ الْيَمَانِيَّ الَّذِي كَانَ أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُبَلِّغَ عَنْهُ وَافَى الْمَوْسِمَ، قَالَ: يَا آلَ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالُوا: هَذِهِ قُرَيْشٌ، قَالَ: يَا آلَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، قَالُوا: هَذِهِ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، قَالَ: أَيْنَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا أَبُو طَالِبٍ، قَالَ: أَمَرَنِي فُلَانٌ أَنْ أُبَلِّغَكَ رِسَالَةً أَنَّ فُلَانًا قَتَلَهُ فِي عِقَالٍ فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ، فَقَالَ: اخْتَرْ مِنَّا إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُؤَدِّيَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَإِنَّكَ قَتَلْتَ صَاحِبَنَا خَطَأً، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ يَحْلِفْ خَمْسُونَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتَ قَتَلْنَاكَ بِهِ، فَأَتَى قَوْمَهُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: نَحْلِفُ، فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ لَهُ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَبَا طَالِبٍ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُجِيزَ ابْنِي هَذَا بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْخَمْسِينَ، وَلَا تُصْبِرْ يَمِينَهُ فَفَعَلَ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا طَالِبٍ أَرَدْتَ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا مَكَانَ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ يُصِيبُ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ بَعِيرَانِ فَهَذَانِ بَعِيرَانِ فَاقْبَلْهُمَا عَنِّي، وَلَا تُصْبِرْ يَمِينِي حَيْثُ تُصْبَرُ الْأَيْمَانُ فَقَبِلَهُمَا وَجَاءَ ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا حَلَفُوا، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا حَالَ الْحَوْلُ وَمِنَ الثَّمَانِيَةِ وَالْأَرْبَعِينَ عَيْنٌ تَطْرِفُ .
It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: The first instance of Qasamah during the Jahiliyyah involved a man from Banu Hashim who was employed by a man from Quraish, from another branch of the tribe. He went out with him, driving his camels and another man from Banu Hashim passed by them. The leather rope of that man's bag broke, so he said (to the hired worker): 'Help me by giving me a rope with which to tie the handle of my bag, lest the camels run away from me. 'So he gave him a rope and he tied his gab with it. When they halted, all the camels' legs were hobbled except one camel. The one who had hired him said: 'Why is his camel, out of all of them, not hobbled? He said: 'There is no rope for it. He said: 'Where is its rope? He said: A man from Banu Hashim passed by and the leather rope of his bag had broken, and he asked me to help him; he said: Help me by giving me a rope with which to tie the handle of my bag lest the camels run away from me, so I gave him a rope . He struck him with a stick, which led to his death.Then a man from Yemen passed by him (the man from Banu Hashim, (the man from Banu Hashim, just before he died) and he (the Hashimi man) said: 'Are you going to attend the Pilgrimage? He said: 'I do not think I will attend it, but perhaps I will attend it.' He said: 'Will you convey a message from me once in your lifetime? He said: 'Yes. 'He said: 'If you attend the pilgrimage, then call out, O family of Quraish! If they respond, then call out, O family of Hashim! If they respond, then ask for Abu Talib, and tell him that so and so killed me for a rope.' Then the hired worker died. When the one who had hired him cam, Abu Talib went to him and said: 'What happened to our companion? He said: 'He fell sick and I took good care of him, but he died, so I stopped and buried him.' He said: 'He deserved that from you. 'Some time passed, then the Yemeni man who had been asked to convey the message arrived at the time of the pilgrimage. He said: 'O family of Quraish! And they said: 'Here is Quraish.' He said: 'O family of Banu Hashim! They said: 'Here is Banu Hashim.' He said 'Where is Abu Talib? He said: 'Here is Abu Talib.' He said: 'so and so asked me to convey a message to you, that so and so killed him for a camel's rope.' Abu Talib went to him and said 'Choose one of three alternatives that we are offering you. If you wish, you may give us one hundred camels, because you killed our companion by mistake: or if you wish, fifty of your men may swear an oath that you did not kill him; or if you wish, we will kill you in retaliation. 'He went to his people and told them about that, and they said: 'We will swear the oath.' Then a woman from Banu Hashim, who was married to one of their men and had born him a child, came to Abu Talib and said:' O Abu Talib, I wish that my son, who is one of these fifty men, should be excused from having to take the oath., So the excused him. Then one of the men came to him and said: 'O Abu Talib, you want fifty men to take the oath in lieu of one hundred camels, which means that each man may give two camels instead, so here are two camels; take them from me, and do not make me take the oath.' So he accepted them, and did not make him take the oath. Then forty-eight men came and took the oath. Ibn 'Abbas said: By the One in Whose hand is my soul, by the time a year has passed, none of those forty-eight men remained alive.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ .
Abu Salamah and Sulaiman bin Yasar narrated from one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, one of the Ansar, that: the Messenger or Allah approved of Qasamah as it had been during the Jahiliyyah.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَنَّ الْقَسَامَةَ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَقَضَى بِهَا بَيْنَ أُنَاسٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي قَتِيلٍ ادَّعَوْهُ عَلَى يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ . خَالَفَهُمَا مَعْمَرٌ.
it was narrated from Abu Salamah and Sulaiman bin Yasar, from some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, that: Qasamah existed during the Jahiliyyah and the Messenger of Allah approved of it as it had been during the Jahiliyyah, and he ruled accordingly among some of the Ansar concerning a victim whom they claimed the Jews of Khaibar had Killed. (Sahih) Ma'mar contradicted the two of them.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ ابْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، قَالَ: كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْأَنْصَارِيِّ الَّذِي وُجِدَ مَقْتُولًا فِي جُبِّ الْيَهُودِ، فَقَالَتْ الْأَنْصَارُ: الْيَهُودُ قَتَلُوا صَاحِبَنَا .
It was narrated that Ibn Al-Musayyab said: Qasamah existed during the Jahiliyyah, then the Messenger of Allah confirmed it in the case of an Ansari who was found slain in the dry well of the jews, and Ansar said: The Jews kill our companion. '